Moch aur Khinchav

Moch (sprain) ligament ki chot hai, jo mote reshedaar cartilage ke bands hain jo haddiyon ko aapas mein jodte hain. Yeh kisi ligament ke khinchne ya phatne se hoti hai, jo girne jaise aaghaat ya bahari bal ke kaaran jod ko apne saamaanya alignment se hata dene par hoti hai. Aam lakshanon mein neel padna, sujan, asthirta aur dardnaak harkat shamil hain.

Moch_aur_Khinchav

Moch ek ligament ki chot hai. Ligament ek mota, mazboot aur reshedaar ootak (tissue) hai jo haddiyon ko aapas mein jodta hai. Sabse adhik chot waale ligament takhne, ghutne aur kalaai ke hote hain. Ligament apni saamaanya sthiti se zyada khinche jaane par chot grast ho sakte hain. Ligaments ka uddeshya kankaal (skeleton) ko saamaanya alignment mein rakhna hai - ligaments asaamaanya harkaton ko rokte hain. Lekin jab kisi ligament par bahut zyada bal lagaya jaata hai, jaise girne ke samay, to ligament khinch sakte hain ya phat sakte hain; is chot ko moch kaha jaata hai.1

Moch wo chotein hain jo ligaments ko prabhavit karti hain, jo mote cartilage bands hote hain jo haddiyon ko aapas mein jodte hain. Yeh kisi ligament ke khinchav ya phatne ke jawaab mein hoti hain. Moch ek prakaar ki teevra chot hai jo aaghaat se hoti hai jaise girne ya bahari bal jo aaspaas ke jod ko apne saamaanya alignment se hata deta hai. Moch halke ligament khinchav se lekar poori tarah phatne tak ho sakti hai. Neel, sujan, asthirta aur dardnaak harkat moch ke baad aam lakshan hain.

Khinchav (strain) ek maanspeshi (muscle) ya tendon ki chot hai. Maanspeshiyan aapke kankaal ko bahut alag-alag tarikon se chalati hain. Jab maanspeshi sikudti hai, to woh ek tendon ko khinchti hai, jo apne aap mein aapki haddi se juda hota hai. Maanspeshiyan khinchne ke liye banaai gayi hain, lekin agar woh bahut zyada khinch jaayein ya sikudte samay khinch jaayein, to is se chot ho sakti hai jise khinchav kaha jaata hai. Khinchav maanspeshi ya tendon ka khinchav ya phatna ho sakta hai.1

Khinchav wo chotein hain jo maanspeshiyon ya tendons ko prabhavit karti hain, jo mote bands hain jo maanspeshiyon ko haddiyon se jodte hain. Yeh maanspeshi ke phatne, marodne ya tezi se khinchne ke jawaab mein hoti hain. Khinchav ek prakaar ki teevra chot hai jo atyadhik khinchav ya sankuchan se hoti hai. Dard, kamzori aur maanspeshi mein ainthan khinchav ke baad aam lakshan hain.

Moch kisi ligament ke bahut zyada khinchne ke kaaran hoti hai. Ligaments bahut mazboot hote hain aur ek jod ko chalne dene mein saksham hote hain, lekin unmein zyada lachilapan nahin hota. Iska matlab hai ki jab ligament bahut zyada khinch jaata hai, to phatav ho sakta hai. Ligament ka phatna aanshik ya poorna ho sakta hai. Aam taur par, doctor ligament chot ko grade dekar chot ki gambhirta batate hain. Grade 1 aur 2 ki chotein aam taur par ligament ki aanshik chotein hoti hain, jabki Grade 3 ki chot aksar poorna phatav hoti hai.1

Khinchav maanspeshiyon ya tendons ki chotein hain jo maanspeshiyon ko haddiyon se jodti hain. Maanspeshi par bahut zyada khinchav, ya ek disha mein khinchav jab maanspeshi doosri disha mein sikud rahi hoti hai (jise "eccentric sankuchan" kaha jaata hai), maanspeshi ya tendon mein chot paida kar sakta hai. Khinchav cronic gatividhiyon se bhi ho sakta hai jo maanspeshi tantuon ke atyadhik khinchav ka kaaran banti hain.

Kayi khel pratibhagiyon ko moch aur khinchav ke khatre mein daalte hain, jaise football, basketball, gymnastics, volleyball aur kayi anya. Yeh chotein saamaanya rojmarra ki gatividhiyon mein bhi aksar hoti hain, jaise baraf par phisalna, kalaai par girna ya ungli phansa lena. Doharaane waali gatividhiyan bhi moch ya khinchav paida kar sakti hain.

Maanspeshi khinchav teevra gati ke balon ke karan hote hain jo maanspeshi par kaarya karte hain. Achaanak harkat maanspeshi ko bahut zyada khinch sakti hai aur phir use bal ke saath sikudne par majboor kar sakti hai, jis se maanspeshi ootak halka ya gambhir phatav ho sakta hai. Kabhi-kabhi, lekin hamesha nahin, maanspeshi khinchav ke saath neel ho sakta hai.

Aap kaise jaanenge ki aapne maanspeshi khinch li hai? Aam taur par, jis maanspeshi ko aapne istemaal kiya hai woh jab aap use sikudne ki koshish karte hain to dard karti hai. Udaharan ke liye, agar aapne apne hamstring mein khinchav kiya hai, to aapko sambhavtah dard mahsoos hoga jab aap us maanspeshi ka istemaal apna ghutna modne ke liye karenge. 

Teevra khinchav grast maanspeshi ka atyadhik khinchav bhi dard paida kar sakta hai. Hamstring khinchav ke baad ke dinon mein hamstrings ko khinchna sambhavtah dardnaak hoga, jo darshata hai ki aapki maanspeshi tani hui hai.

Ligament moch aapke shareer ki teevra harkat ke kaaran hoti hain jo ligament par dabaav daalti hain. Agar aap apna takhna marodte hain, udaharan ke liye, aapke takhne ke jod ke bahari hisse ke ligaments bahut zyada khinch sakte hain. Ve phat bhi sakte hain. Yeh atyadhik khinchav ya phatav ek ligament moch hai.

Mulyankan

Moch

Moch ya khinchav ke sabse aam lakshan nimnlikhit hain:

  • Chot ke sthan par dard
  • Chot grast kshetra mein sujan aur neel
  • Chot grast jod ko modne mein kathinai
  • Chot grast maanspeshi mein ainthan

Lakshan chot ki teevrata par nirbhar karte hain. Agar aap chot ya sthiti ki gambhirta ke baare mein sunishchit nahin hain, to aapko ek athletic trainer, physiotherapist ya swaasthya peshawar se sahaayata leni chahiye.1

Kab sahaayata maangein

Yeh jaanna mahatvapurna hai ki kab sahaayata maangni hai. Kayi moch aur khinchav ka ilaaj saral upaayon se kiya ja sakta hai, lekin aapko sunishchit karna chahiye ki aapka dard kisi adhik gambhir cheez ke kaaran nahin hai. Yahaan kuch sanket hain ki aapko sahaayata ki zarurat ho sakti hai:

  • Aapko teevra dard hai aur aap chot grast hisse par vajan nahin daal sakte.
  • Chot grast kshetra vipreet pakshakshetra ki tulna mein vikrit dikhta hai.
  • Aap chot grast kshetra ko hila nahin sakte
  • Aap dard ke kaaran chal nahin sakte
  • Jab aap apne ang ko hilane ki koshish karte hain to woh vikrit hota hai ya jhuk jaata hai.
  • Aapko pehle bhi is hisse mein chot lagi hai
  • Aapko mahatvapurna sujan hai ya sujan jo aaraam aur unchaai ke saath kam nahin hoti.

Maanspeshi khinchav ke alag-alag grade hote hain, Grade I se Grade III tak.

  • Grade I maanspeshi khinchav darshata hai ki maanspeshi ootak bas bahut zyada khinch gaya hai.
  • Grade II khinchav tab hota hai jab maanspeshi ootak aanshik roop se phat jaata hai.
  • Grade III khinchav maanspeshi ootak ka poorna phatav hai. Yeh aam taur par gambhir maane jaate hain aur mahatvapurna dard, sujan, neel aur kaaryatmak gatishilta ke nuksaan ke saath hote hain.

Agar aapke doctor ya physiotherapist nirdharit karte hain ki aap maanspeshi khinchav se peedit hain, to ve chot ki poori prakriti nirdharit karne ke liye MRI jaise diagnostic chitr prapt karne par vichaar kar sakte hain.

Ligament moch ki grading maanspeshi khinchav ke samaan hai.

  • Grade I: ligament bas bahut zyada khinch gaya hai.
  • Grade II: ligament aanshik roop se phat gaya hai
  • Grade III: ligament poori tarah phat gaya hai

Ligament moch aam taur par ligament dwara samarthit jod ke aaspaas atyadhik harkat ke saath hoti hai. Mahatvapurna sujan aur neel bhi ho sakte hain.

Upchaar

Moch aur khinchav ka upchaar aksar "RICE" vidhi ke anusaar kiya jaata hai. Agar aap apne moch ya khinchav ki gambhirta ke baare mein sunishchit nahin hain, to koi bhi upchaar ya punarvaas shuru karne se pehle apne doctor se baat karein. Yahaan moch aur khinchav ke upchaar ki RICE vidhi ka spashtikaran hai:

Aaraam (Rest):

  • Chot ke baad pehle 24-48 ghante mahatvapurna upchaar avadhi maane jaate hain aur gatividhiyon ko kam karna chahiye. Chot grast ang ka jitna ho sake utna dhire-dhire upayog karein, kisi bhi gatividhi se bachne ki koshish karein jo dard paida karti hai. Chot grast shareer ke hisse ko sahi tarah se aaraam dene ke liye splint, sling ya crutches ka upayog karna aksar zaruri hota hai.

Baraf (Ice):

  • Chot ke baad pehle 48 ghanton ke dauraan, moch ya khinchav par 20 minute ek samay mein, har 3 ya 4 ghante mein baraf lagayein. Baraf ka thaila jame hue khaadya padarthon ka thaila ho sakta hai, jo aapko ise dobara upayog karne deta hai. Ek aur lokpriya upchaar vidhi paani se kaagaz ke gilaas bharkar phir unhein freeze karna hai. Jame hue cube ka upayog ice cone ke roop mein karein, jaise-jaise baraf pighalti hai kaagaz hata dein. Moch ya khinchav par 20 minute se zyada baraf NA lagayein! Aap chot ko jaldi theek hone mein madad nahin karenge aur shareer ko nuksaan pahuncha sakte hain.

Sankuchan (Compression):

  • Pratham upchaar ke hisse ke roop mein moch ya khinchav ko unchaai par uthate samay sankuchan ka upayog karein. Ace bandage ka upayog karke, kshetra ko lapetein, lachili patti ko patti ki chaudaai ke aadhe se overlap karte hue. Patti tang honi chahiye, lekin ang mein rakt sanchaar ko nahin rokni chahiye. Isliye, agar aapki ungliyan ya angootha thanda, neela ya jhanjhanaata ho jaaye, to patti dobara lagayein!

Uthayein (Elevate):

  • Apne moch ya khinchav ko jitna sambhav ho sake uncha rakhein - sambhav ho to use apne dil se uncha rakhne ki koshish karein. Raat ko apne baahu ya pair ke neeche takiye rakhkar use uncha rakhein.

Akadan (immobilization) dard ko kam karta hai aur aage ki chot ko rokkar theek hone mein madad karta hai.

Pratham degree moch ko sankshipt roop se akdaaya jaata hai, ya bilkul nahin. Jaldi gatishilta behtar hai. Halki doosri degree moch ko aksar kuch dinon ke liye sling ya splint ke saath akdaaya jaata hai. Gambhir 2nd degree moch aur kuch 3rd degree moch aur tendon phatav ko dinon ya hafton ke liye akdaaya jaata hai, kabhi-kabhi cast ke saath. Kayi teesri degree moch ko surgery ki zarurat hoti hai; aam taur par, akadan keval ek sahaayak upchaar hai.

Cast pehnne waale rogiyon ko likhit nirdesh prapt karne chahiye, jismein nimnlikhit shamil hain:

  • Cast ko sookha rakhein.
  • Cast ke andar kabhi koi vastu na daalein.
  • Har din cast ke kinaaron aur cast ke aaspaas ki tvacha ka nirikshan karein, aur kisi bhi laal ya dardnaak kshetra ki suchna dein.
  • Khurdure kinaaron ko narm tape, kapde ya anya narm samagri se padding karein taaki cast ke kinaare tvacha ko nuksaan na pahunchayein.
  • Aaraam karte samay, cast ko savdhani se sthapit karein, sambhavtah ek chote takiye ya cushion ka upayog karke, taaki kinaare tvacha mein chubhein ya dhanseein nahin.
  • Sujan ko niyantrit karne ke liye jab bhi sambhav ho cast ko uncha karein.
  • Agar dard banaa rehta hai ya cast atyadhik tang lagta hai to turant doctor se milein.
  • Agar cast ke andar se gandh aati hai ya bukhaar, jo sankraman darshata hai, hota hai to turant doctor se milein.
  • Dard mein pragatishil bigaad ya kisi bhi nayi sunnata ya kamzori ke maamle mein turant doctor se milein.
  • Achi swacchata mahatvapurna hai.

Splint ka upayog kuch sthir chotein, jismein kuch sandig lekin asiddh fractures, jaldi theek hone waale fractures, moch aur anya chotein jinhein kuch dinon ya kam ki akadan ki zarurat hoti hai, ko akdane ke liye kiya ja sakta hai. Splint paridhi taur par nahin hota; isliye yeh rogiyon ko baraf lagane aur cast ki tulna mein adhik hilne deta hai. Yeh kuch sujan ki bhi anumati deta hai aur isliye compartment syndrome mein yogdaan nahin deta. Kuch chotein jinhein antatah cast ki zarurat hoti hai, pehle splint ke saath akdaayi jaati hain jab tak ki adhikansh sujan kam nahin ho jaati.

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